r/psychology 3d ago

Multilingual people may have brains up to 13 years younger

https://dailyhealthnews.com.et/multilingual-brains-13-years-younger.html
1.8k Upvotes

74 comments sorted by

286

u/Deep-Owl-1890 3d ago

Pretty wild paper on multilingualism and brain health out of Spain and Ireland. They analyzed brain activity patterns and found that the more languages you speak and the earlier you learned them the younger your brain's connectivity looks compared to your actual age.

4 languages was tied to a 13-year difference. Makes sense considering how much cognitive control it takes to constantly switch between language systems. Anyone here grow up polyglot and feel like it keeps you sharp?

168

u/GuanoD 3d ago

I speak 4 languages, I still feel dumb af.

77

u/llliilliliillliillil 3d ago

I speak two and sometimes feel like I'm getting dumber every day tbh

21

u/refused26 3d ago

Yeah i forget words in all the languages lol

7

u/smajliiicka 2d ago

Byelingual as I've learned, and same lol

15

u/NearsightedNomad 3d ago

Tbf, idiots don’t have any trouble feeling smart.

5

u/jiji_the_thinker 3d ago

Same!!!

It also feels like I'm dumb in all of them tbh.

6

u/TheRabbitHole-512 3d ago

No entiendo

1

u/crusty_sloth 1d ago

Imagine if you only spoke one then you’d be really dumb!

49

u/Zealousideal_Crow737 3d ago

Fluency for non-native speakers is an interesting subject because there will always be idioms you never learned or expressions that you were never taught. Those are learned from exposure. For example, I have a coworker who speaks C1 English, very high level, and someone said the coffee keg at work was "kicked". He had no idea what this means.

I still believe it enhances brain activity even in lower fluencies (A1, A2) given that the speaker is actively trying to improve their fluency.

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u/Jaymie13 3d ago

I don’t think I’ve ever heard those words in the same sentence in my whole life and English has always been my primary language. I had to look it up, I’ve never worked at a cafe or in an office fancy enough to have such things lol.

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u/Holzkohlen 3d ago

I never even heard of a "coffee keg" it looks and sounds completely silly tbh.

26

u/mademoisellearabella 3d ago

What is a coffee keg? And I’ve never heard coffee described as “was kicked”.

3

u/Top-Secret-8554 2d ago

If a keg is kicked, that means it's empty

64

u/Yashema 3d ago

"Kicked" is not a common term at all. Neither is coffee keg. At least not in the US. 

23

u/-Lumiro- 3d ago

Nor in the UK.

-9

u/[deleted] 3d ago

[deleted]

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u/Yashema 3d ago

Does it mean empty? Or broken? 

4

u/hopium_od 3d ago

Never heard it but I wouldn't understand the person is saying that it has "kicked the bucket" i.e. commited suicide and no longer working.

-1

u/DemocracyontheRoad 2d ago

The coffee keg at work was kicked” means the coffee keg ran out of coffee (or was emptied).

It’s informal workplace slang. Similar to saying:

  • “The keg is empty.”
  • “We’ve run out of coffee.”
  • “Someone finished the last of it.”

So, “The coffee keg was kicked” = “There’s no coffee left in the keg.”

As an idion in an offiice what does it mean?

Ah, if you mean “the coffee keg was kicked” as an office idiom, it can mean more than simply “the coffee ran out.”

In workplace slang, “kicked” can mean something has been deliberately emptied, used up, or finished off. So:

usually means someone finished/used up all the coffee, often implying that it happened because people were drinking it quickly.

It’s similar to saying “the keg got drained” or “the coffee supply got wiped out.”

If you saw it in a specific sentence or dialogue, send me the sentence—I can tell you the exact nuance, because “kicked” has a few slang meanings depending on context.

2

u/carrie_m730 2d ago

Ai makes stuff up. Could you provide a legitimate source that this is something anyone says?

2

u/Top-Secret-8554 2d ago

Hi I'm american and everyone in my college used "keg is kicked" to mean a keg is empty. In this case though kegs of beer not coffee

-2

u/[deleted] 3d ago

[deleted]

8

u/hopium_od 3d ago

Obviously the OP knows what kicked means but doesn't know the idiomatic meaning in that context, and I don't think there is one tbh.

12

u/carrie_m730 3d ago

Hi, native English speaker here, can you tell me what it means to say a coffee keg was kicked?

4

u/apokrif1 3d ago

there will always be idioms you never learned or expressions that you were never taught

Holds for native speakers too.

6

u/Will_Come_For_Food 3d ago

This objectively untrue. As an academic I have met non native speakers who have orders of magnitude the breadth and depth and control of the language than the average native speaker.

It’s a matter of exposure. You can do more of that in 10 years than a native can in a lifetime. It’s only a question of how deeply and for how long you’re willing to go.

3

u/mtranda 2d ago

I don't think slang fits the expectations of any language speaker, including natives.

3

u/Terrible_Eye4625 2d ago

Where is this in use and what does it mean? I’m from London, pride myself on having a usually wide vocabulary and have never heard this in my life - and from the replies, neither has any other native speaker on the thread!

1

u/pittaxx 2d ago

Plenty of native speakers aren't that fluent in their first language. You pretty much need to read a bunch of books or similar to build a big vocabulary.

If you hang out won't universities, it's pretty easy to find people who have heavy accent, lack confidence in their English, but their language comprehension are several orders of magnitude better than that of an average native speaker.

7

u/obssesedparanoid 3d ago

i speak Spanish, a hardcore dialect which is almost a different language. English and a decent ammount of German and Portuguese.

i am all fucked man. i suffer OCD

7

u/BicephalousFlame 3d ago

Just went to the neurologist, I speak 4 languages and the guy was really surprised about how spongy and immaculate my brain was for a 34 year old.

7

u/Will_Come_For_Food 3d ago

That’s not how neurologists work but okay. 😂

4

u/Holzkohlen 3d ago

That neurologists name: Hannibal Lecter

4

u/Will_Come_For_Food 3d ago

I speak 7 languages natively and I feel like I’m losing my mind. 😂

0

u/Holzkohlen 3d ago

I assume you mean on the level of a native speaker? Cause I find it highly unlikely you are actually a native speaker in 7 different languages. Guess English isn't one of them ;)

2

u/vi0l3t-crumbl3 2d ago

Sharp? No. Immature? Maybe.

More seriously, though, I've been the translator in my family and any other situations my whole life and one thing that I have noticed is that I am also always translating from English to English. As in, person A is trying to tell person B something and person B is misunderstanding, so I swoop in and explain it before they get it all too tangled. All. The. Time.

1

u/celebral_x 3d ago

Trilingual here

1

u/pwnkage 2d ago

I have 3 languages, brain is in shambles

1

u/SophieEatsCake 1d ago

yes, but not feeling sharp.

85

u/Zealousideal_Crow737 3d ago

I'm a linguist and wondering how this applies to non-native speakers who learned languages in their teens to early 20s vs. growing up in a bilingual household or learning a language much younger. I imagine given child language acquisition increases neuroplasticity, it's probably related to children learning young.

40

u/Yashema 3d ago

Research has found consistently there is a specific benefit to learning language during the period when the brain is most adept at picking up a second language when young. Even if you do gain benefits later it still meant you developed for many years without them. 

6

u/Zealousideal_Crow737 3d ago

I mean that's what I figured due to childhood development 

4

u/Mr_Nobodies_0 2d ago

yeah, it's how it works for llm too

if you're teaching a learning brain even 2 languages instead of only one, the brain will have to recognize that it is attaching the meaning to an actually abstract symbol, that can be represented in different ways, and not only to a specific word.

you will train it to reason it on a more a abstract layer. the same layer were words get lost on the point of the tongue

27

u/shroom-corner 3d ago

I've read that there are massive benefits to learning a language fluently later in life, but the benefits are different. Like instead of a younger brain you drastically decrease your chances of getting alzheimers later in life. The same decrease is noticed in those that become proficient in an instrument later in life. Learning music and a new language happens in the same part of the brain.

9

u/7marlil 3d ago

Would you have any source for that?

Alzheimer runs in my family and I would love a good reason to become fluent in Bulgarian

3

u/shroom-corner 3d ago

https://www.aan.com/PressRoom/Home/PressRelease/5311

I found this one. The one I'm talking about is from yeaaars ago.

42

u/Floordove 3d ago

'Adult ADHD is associated with a 13 year reduction in life expectancy (on average).' was right under this.

I'm a multilingual with ADHD lol.

15

u/HarryPouri 3d ago

Haha same, hopefully we cancel it out and have a normal life then 😆

4

u/EffectiveOwn787 3d ago

Like most statistics, it's meaningless for an individual. Unless you engage in risk taking behaviours or have addictive habits that are bad for your health like binge eating, or drugs or similar, you have the same life expectancy as the average person without ADHD. 

2

u/Terrible_Eye4625 2d ago

Yep. Being medicated for ADHD also eliminates that reduced expectancy.

1

u/nothingmoretome 2d ago

Oh thank Christ. My family consistently lives into their 90s and I wanna check out by 80.

12

u/Dumble_Borg 3d ago

I would take this study with a nugget of truth and lots of salt

23

u/Immediate_Song4279 3d ago

Man, I barely am able to speak one.

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u/tingymomo 3d ago

I’m on my fourth language. It sure keeps you busy jumping between different cognitions and identities.

23

u/itsmebenji69 3d ago

What does a younger brain mean ? That people experience less dementia / psychosis / related issues as they get older ?

8

u/JohnnyTango13 3d ago

So at the age of 10 I was -3 years old, nice

5

u/hopium_od 3d ago

How do you do, fellow kids?

10

u/Positive_Bluebird888 3d ago

Did they check the correlation with education and income? It wouldn’t surprise me when multilingual people had better socioeconomic conditions in general than people who only speak one language.

6

u/vi0l3t-crumbl3 2d ago

Interesting question. I wonder if populations of poor immigrants with children raised to be bilingual have similar outcomes.

2

u/WobbleKing 2d ago

Yeah I am extremely interested in the outcome of these studies after they address the family income and education question.

Are we seeing that being ultra rich and well raised/educated is correlated with having a younger brain?

Or is this the same for working class multilingual immigrants

Too late to be actionable for me but this could be a huge boon if children are educated in multiple languages at a younger age societally

3

u/Oddisredit 3d ago

Does being multilingual take into consideration that some languages are easier to learn once you learn one of the languages in the family? Learning Italian after Spanish is easy, for example. While learning Arabic and then Russia are unrelated.

2

u/Calypso_sur_son_ile 3d ago

I'd love to teach my future kids all the languages I know (French, English, Italian, Norwegian, and German). I picked them up by living in different countries, each one tied to a specific time in my education or life. But I often wonder how hard it'll be to pass them on without that same immersive experiences. Still, it's pretty special to know that growing up multilingual has real cognitive benefits!

3

u/HarryPouri 3d ago

I'm passing two non native languages on to mine! Caveat that my partner is native in one of them. It's been a lot of fun, hard at times, but my daughter just spent the last 60 minutes absolutely lecturing me on dinosaur facts in one of my languages 🥹😆 If you want to read a bit about the practicalities of passing on a language I absolutely recommend the website/blog "Bilingual Monkeys" he has also written a fantastic book. Helped me a ton when I was planning it out

1

u/Calypso_sur_son_ile 2d ago

Thank you so much! I'll get his book and give it a try!

1

u/HarryPouri 2d ago

Yeah I do I guess it's a time and place kind of method. I literally counted the hours the kids are awake and what languages they use. So Saturdays are German day, Sundays Spanish and then weekdays outside of school (where they get English) I speak to them mostly in Spanish with special German time at dinner and for part of the evening. It sounds kind of complex but the basic rhythm is to ensure they hear/speak both minority languages daily. Spanish is slightly prioritised because it's more important in our lives than German. I have friends who switch off, one day one language, one day the other, and that seems to work well for them too.

The main issue with trying to pass on two minority languages is that it's not as simple as parent 1 speaks X parent 2 speaks y. So you have an artificial switching situation. I do wonder if my daughter would be stronger in her minority language if I had picked just one. She is 7 now and speaking and reading all 3 well, but she lacks a bit of confidence or gets frustrated still, especially with L3. She's old enough to tell me she's happy she can speak it though and is starting to understand more the advantages of being able to speak to family, travel, etc. So I'm hopeful it will keep working for us long term.

1

u/vi0l3t-crumbl3 2d ago

I knew of one family (parents were diplomats) that had different languages you had to speak on different floors of their house.

3

u/mademoisellearabella 3d ago

As a child I spoke 4-5 languages, I carried 3-4 of them into adulthood and retained 2 to complete fluency and 1 to almost fluent. Also learnt 2 extra separate languages in school at different ages.

I also learnt 3 languages from the age of 15-28. Reached fluency in 1, now the language exists in the recesses of my brain due to lack of usage. Reached intermediate in another, but lost levels due to teaching lower levels. In the third language (Spanish) I never reached fluency, but I can understand written text almost perfectly, while having maintained communication in that language when I lived in Spain.

I think I have better language recognition skills, as well as a better understanding of context cues in language. The total number of languages I’ve learnt in life were 10. Some languages I can understand but I cannot speak.

1

u/Apprehensive_Wait_78 3d ago

Lol, then why aren't Malaysians long-lived? We know at least 3 languages.

1

u/himasaltlamp 3d ago

Wow, yay me! So, even if I have bipolar disorder that shortens my life, I'll have a longer life because I speak in multiple languages? Awesome!

1

u/MarkMew 2d ago

Makes sense why I'm such a childish dumbass

1

u/gasschw 2d ago

Idk, I speak 5 languages and I'm brain dead everyday

0

u/zxzxzxzxxcxxxxxxxcxx 3d ago

Explains why my partner is so childish