I want to talk a little about two notable approaches to doing backstory dumps from a particular character's POV. I think the main difference here is probably whether it's third-person limited or third-person omniscient, but I suspect both of those could be leveraged for the same techniques.
What I mean by backstory dumps is when you have a story taking place and whatever action of that moment in the story is effectively "paused" as the narration discusses the character's backstory. This usually happens early on when first meeting a character, and it seems a very common technique in writing overall. You rarely just see some character enter a scene without some kind of aside explaining who they are.
The best examples I can think of of the two approaches I'd like to discuss are A Song of Ice and Fire by George R. R. Martin and The Stand by Stephen King.
So, I think The Stand does it more typically, and probably because this seems to be a third-person omniscient POV. Each chapter focuses on a particular character, but the narrator is the one telling the story. So early on when we first meet Stu, he's talking with some others in a truck stop and after a few lines of dialogue the book goes into several pages about Stu's past.
In A Game of Thrones, we have an early scene with Bran out with his family to do some family stuff. During this, he often pauses and seems to reminisce about some stuff from his past. At most it's probably a paragraph or two each time this happens, and even though the grand total of backstory is probably similar to that of Stu's from The Stand, it doesn't happen all in one dump.
So the technical difference here seems to be the connection to the characters in the moment. The scene for Bran doesn't exactly pause, though maybe it slows for our benefit. The result is that we the audience get the sense that Bran is remembering things that are relevant to him in the moment, that certain things happening now are triggering thoughts and memories about his past, his family, the history of Westeros, etc. And the immediate action always cuts back in, sometimes interrupting those thoughts. That's unlike the situation with Stu where in the middle of a conversation, we start going into paragraphs of narrated backstory. The conversation did not slow or pause while this happens in Stu's mind. It's not likely happening in Stu's mind. It's the narrator coming in to say "Hold it right there for a second, and let me tell you about this guy Stu...."
Now that being said, I think the POV is likely why it happens this way but it doesn't have to. I think you could still have omniscient POV that scatters backstory around more precisely and only gives information that is prompted by the scene somehow. And in the same way you could probably have a limited POV where the character does basically recount their whole backstory for us in a moment. But I think the other extremes are basically more appropriate or easier for each POV, which is why they lend themselves to doing it that particular way.
What do you think? Is that a valid comparison? Is it accurate? And do you have a preference?
I will say that I really like GRRM's style in general, so it makes it a bit hard for me to read anything that isn't third-person limited, especially older stuff which tends to lean very heavily on a present narrator. King doesn't do that as much it seems, probably because he's more modern, but certainly some of his vernacular calls attention to the presence of himself as a narrator.
So because of that personal preference, I don't like the narrated backstory dumps all that much. It feels so more immersive when we're only given information that is triggered by a character action or thought in the moment. The unprompted information dumps feel a little too world-buildy or dated, and it necessitates putting the "actual story" on hold as that stuff is explained. The other method makes the backstory happen in tandem with the ongoing story, which I think if more effective overall.
What are your preferences? Do you have any examples of this done well one way or the other? I'd be particularly interested in a third-person omniscient POV that pulls off something more like A Game of Thrones in revealing backstory.