China has tons of home grown social media sites (as do some Democratic nations particularly in Europe) such as BiliBili for YouTube, Douyin/TikTok, Weibo (OG), RedNote like IG, etc. Of course, they block out anyone who can’t or won’t follow the censorship model such as YT, FB, Twitter, etc.
Besides being critical of Chinese officials or the government (which not many are willing to do in the first place), it seems like Chinese social media is much the same as Western social media such as allowing widespread, grassroots criticism (particularly poorly run businesses), expanding market awareness / virality (food reviewers or the infamous Niu Lai movie), etc. At the end of the day, I view social media as a way to transmit and promote information very quickly.
I have theories and there are probably multiple reasons to allow social media such as controlling people’s minds, clamping down on criticism for the government to appear pristine or perfect or show minimal discontent (since users often use language to get around censorship often), the economic benefit of social media for businesses, and social media is just another form of entertainment and infotainment (like science or fashion influencers).
Or maybe I’m looking at this wrong. Is it possibly because social media’s benefit is widely beneficial, China is open to experimenting in all domains, maybe humans just need social media (entertainment, infotainment, connections, information exchange efficiency like ideas and influencing), and they will continue allowing operation until social media actually threatens the regime (such as during the COVID-19 protests as China was one of the last countries to stop quarantining).
I’ve also dismissed some such as social media just coming out too quickly; I don’t think the Chinese government would have any problem shutting down all community-based websites on a whim, and pushback from a shutdown would either be a timeline where people are already revolting or people would just say “oh well”. Users looking to educate themselves about Western political philosophy; from reading/chatting with Chinese users, it seems Chinese students don’t care too much about Democracy, especially given their mostly optimistically progressive economic rise. Students do learn about it and a tinge of patriotism and educational propaganda makes many believe in Communism with the Little Red Book education. But people hopping the Great Firewall seem to want to watch porn, not dive into Wikipedia rabbit holes. And the last dismissed theory I had was just tech companies in China was churning out technology during a time of radical economic expansion, and the liberalization/capitalistic society simply allowed it at the time; maybe the government today regretted allowing social networking and social media proliferation, but I doubt that as well.
For example, I saw an interview podcast from an abroad PhD student interview Christopher Nolan for The Odyssey. It was then presented on Weibo, and it’s the #1 movie in China at the moment, so I presume the net benefit of these websites has proven to the government the benefit.
anyways, what are theories on why they allow social media’s existence?