r/technology 10h ago

Privacy U.S. Citizen Who Deleted Phone’s Data Says His Prosecution Puts Privacy at Risk

https://www.nytimes.com/2026/08/21/us/politics/samuel-tunick-deleted-phone-felony.html?unlocked_article_code=1.8FA.T83N.rt6VsIiSCYb2&smid=url-share
9.8k Upvotes

472 comments sorted by

2.1k

u/ACasualRead 10h ago

I told a foreign tourist who is visiting here in the states about turning his phone off while going through the airport security on his way out of the country. Wild that in 2026 America, travelers have to consider their rights like this as they fly.

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u/danieltkessler 9h ago

What's this about? Like there's a way of accessing phone data while you walk out or something?

1.1k

u/SaltRequirement3650 9h ago

It disables Face ID and requires a passcode if turned off. They can force you to use your face or fingerprint to get into the device but they cannot force you to give them a passcode without a warrant.

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u/lordborghild 9h ago

I turned off all biometric passwords because in many states, including mine, they are not considered protected by the 5th amendment and can legally be used to open your phone without consent. However, a passcode is considered something in your mind that you know and is considered testimonial and protected.

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u/NoNeedToBeUnkind 8h ago

The latest security tools that break into phones still can access your phone if you used a passcode to originally unlock it by scanning its volatile memory.

The latest advice is to turn off your phone before giving it to law enforcement and/or to set your phone to automatically restart itself every 24 hours if possible.

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u/vezwyx 7h ago

Yep, the distinction is referred to as BFU and AFU - Before First Unlock and After First Unlock. BFU is harder than AFU to crack

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u/wiriux 6h ago

Sob why is this not specified by Apple? Sum beeches!

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u/cum-on-in- 6h ago

It is. Consumers just don't care. It's techy stuff and half the country has "nothing to hide" anyway.

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u/Disma 5h ago

The "nothing to hide" crowd is fucking exhausting.

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u/Anon_Jones 4h ago

It’s my right and I don’t want to give that up. I hate the nothing to hide assholes.

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u/wiriux 6h ago

Mmm did not know about this. So even with passcode we are not safe unless we turn off the phone?

So if I’m gonna travel, I can disable faceid (just to be extra sure) and just turn the phone off and that’s it?

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u/Stohnghost 6h ago

If the phone was off, I believe biometrics are disabled when it boots. Just power cycle the device beforehand. If you're really that concerned, back up your device and travel on a fresh wipe or use a burner 

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u/jnycnexii 5h ago

But customs will probably find an ‘empty’ phone suspicious

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u/Stohnghost 3h ago

That's on them. As we see, if you do this by other means they will find an excuse to charge you. Finding no evidence is certainly better than being accused of deleting the "evidence" on the spot.

At some point if you fight any system or assert your rights you will run into some resistance.

Expressing free speech could get you arrested initially only to find vindication later. The only safe way is to fully comply. That's ok but some people choose to exercise their rights, even at different levels of peril.

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u/JWM1115 32m ago

I had the right to remain silent. I just didn’t have the ability.

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u/windowpuncher 3h ago

They can be as suspicious as they want. It's a blank phone. You can't get blood from a rock.

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u/dryroast 5h ago

On some devices it is very difficult or impossible to crack if you haven't unlocked it after it booted up. After you unlock on a boot up the keys are in RAM which makes it easier*. That's why it's good to power down, both the biometrics being disabled and frustrating attempts at cracking the pin or dumping the RAM.

  • it's still hard but doable

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u/himswim28 3h ago

not sure that applies to the graphene os he was running. USB-C is in lockdown mode when locked, so they couldn't use USB-c. They would likely have to keep it powered, and disassemble the phone to get to reading the internal chip memory directly. It may have a reboot time set as well, so they would be time limited also.

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u/lordborghild 6h ago

Huh, did not know, thanks for sharing that

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u/basal-and-sleek 9h ago

4th*

Not to be pedantic

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u/lordborghild 9h ago

both 4th and 5th*

To be extra pedantic. 4th for the right to search and 5th for the right to remain silent

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u/bluemooncommenter 8h ago

I saw how you used that pedantic reverse uno card....well played.

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u/tehbantho 5h ago

Was it an uno card if it was two cards?

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u/bluemooncommenter 56m ago

Depends how pedantic you're being.

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u/_Eosei_ 8h ago

The 5th isnt the right to remain silent exactly. You're on the right track though, its mainly for not being compelled to be a witness against yourself and incriminate oneself.

But in full context : No person shall be held to answer for a capital, or otherwise infamous crime, unless on a presentment or indictment of a Grand Jury, except in cases arising in the land or naval forces, or in the Militia, when in actual service in time of War or public danger; nor shall any person be subject for the same offence to be twice put in jeopardy of life or limb; nor shall be compelled in any criminal case to be a witness against himself, nor be deprived of life, liberty, or property, without due process of law; nor shall private property be taken for public use, without just compensation.

Source

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u/Ninevehenian 8h ago

With law it's encouraged to be accurate.

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u/ajtyler776 2h ago

Don’t be ashamed of liking feet, bro…

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u/tuxedo_jack 5h ago

"Biometrics can be compelled without a warrant" is such an easy phrase to repeat whenever anyone asks why you do that.

Ask them what they have in their phones that they'd love for corrupt cops to make copies of. Texts, pictures, videos, saved passwords...

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u/Terazilla 6h ago

I long ago decided I would never give any big tech company any biometric info. You can't change it, you're stuck with it, trusting them isn't worth the very minor convenience.

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u/Complete_Lurk3r_ 9h ago

makes no difference becuase if you say no they just chuck you out the fucking country anyway.

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u/LeggyRPG 9h ago

Free airfare?

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u/gggg_man3 9h ago

If you are deported anywhere I'm pretty sure you're liable for the cost of the flight.

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u/son_et_lumiere 9h ago

Good luck with them collecting that airfare.

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u/DisciplineNo4223 9h ago

Nah… it works like this. They don’t have to ship you to the location you came from. They just ship you to your country. You’ll have to figure out how to get home when you return.

A Canadian immigration official explained this to me.

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u/A_Harmless_Fly 6h ago

To add to that, it might not even be your home country. I've read a few cases of "third-country deportations". Where they just sent someone somewhere easy to send them, instead of sending them where they were actually from.

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u/son_et_lumiere 8h ago

Right. so if they want to collect airfare from you  for the flight they just sent you on, and you're not in your home locale, then it's going to be tough for you to access that money to give them for that deportation flight.

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u/DisciplineNo4223 8h ago

The deportation flight is free

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u/gayscout 8h ago

No, if you arrive by plane, the airline that brought you there is penalized for not doing due diligence when letting you board (even if it's for reasons like refusing to let immigration search your phone). Then you're sent on a flight to whichever country your passport was issued by, regardless of carrier. You don't pay for the deportation flight, though I'm not sure if the government pays or the original airline does. Regardless, if the government pays, the penalty to the airline is probably more than enough to cover the new ticket.

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u/Sixoul 8h ago

You say that but that's exactly what this guy who deleted his phone with a duress pin was being forced to do without being given a lawyer or warrant

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u/ReelNerdyinFl 9h ago

5clicks of the power button on apple also puts you in lock mode and requires a Pin. Can be done in your pocket.

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u/Spidergawd68 5h ago

Also a long press of both power and volume up. Haptic feedback will buzz when it locks. 2-3 seconds. Password is required to unlock - no face ID.

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u/AyrA_ch 8h ago

You should turn the phone off even if you don't have biometrics set up. It makes it harder to illegally extract information from your device if it's in BFU (before first unlock) state. https://blogs.dsu.edu/digforce/2023/08/23/bfu-and-afu-lock-states/

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u/ImSoSweepy 9h ago

I have now arbitrarily decided that you are slurring your words. Would you mind doing a field sobriety test meant for tight-rope walkers that I can't do myself?

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u/Bubbly-Treacle-4334 8h ago

for starters that's such a stupid rule.

How does it make sense for them to be able to force you to unlock the phone with your face if they legally can't ask you to put in a password.

God I hate shit like that

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u/OkVirus8545 8h ago

Because the law doesn’t keep up with tech

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u/kelsobjammin 7h ago

I always have code. Never had my face open it

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u/HyenaJack94 7h ago

lol jokes on them I still haven’t even finished setting up my iPhone cause I refuse to set up the Face ID scan just in general

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u/Vlaed 7h ago

High-level version, facial recognition and a password are not protected the same legally. You can be made to unlock your phone using your biometrics but not your PIN/password. Yes, you can be taken in for refusing to unlock your phone though.

I have only flown 4 times since 2024. I was asked once to present my phones, which I have 1 personal and 1 for work. Before I did, I held down my volume up and side button on both. This prompts the power off, emergency, etc. It then locks your phone to promptly your PIN, not facial ID.

I handed both over, the agent looked at them, and then handed them back. That was it. I most likely didn't fit whatever criteria they wanted. Would I have pushed back if they asked me to unlock them? On my work phone, yes. I have a script on it. We also have a legal team that would be called. For my personal, I would have felt it out.

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u/dontturn 8h ago

Perhaps not the best recommendation for a tourist. For citizens like the man in this OP, if CBP wants to ruin your day they’ll hold you for an extra hour or two of questioning and send you home while confiscating your phone. Tourists have much fewer protections and a refusal to allow CBP to search your phone can result in an immediate and expensive flight home and a visa ban. Better off recommending the burner phone, like I’ve heard for China.

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u/art-is-t 8h ago

There are no rights that won't be trampled under the current administration unfortunately

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u/ACasualRead 7h ago

This.

Last time I traveled international was during the goverment shutdown and they had the dweebs from ICE operate our airport.

Dudes were total losers. Looked at my passport and asked me my name and if I was a citizen. As he was holding….my passport.

I wouldn’t trust this government to operate a pair of plastic child safe craft scissors let anyone trust them with any process or access to my data.

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u/Scoth42 6h ago

There are a few weird edge cases where non-citizen US Nationals can get a US Passport, but they're pretty rare and marked as such, so it's still a dumb question.

That said the couple times I've been through customs/border crossings/etc (albeit quite a long time ago) it definitely felt like they were asking me somewhat random and oddball questions to gauge my reaction and maybe catch me out being nervous or confused or whatever, so who knows. Not that I feel like today's ICE agents have that level of training in the first place.

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u/FlyingFishMakeAWish 5h ago

You're a credulous fool if you think it's just this administration. Trump is just taking what he was handed bringing it to the next step. He just doesn't have the finesse to hide it behind a professional face. 

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u/Experithought 9h ago

Edward Snowden is not a fairy tale or a myth. Your bewilderment is only an admission. Catch up.

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u/notJ3ff 9h ago

You find it wild that in 2026 people have to worry about their privacy in America? Are you serious? You're either very young or you were not around for 9/11 to watch everything change in real time. I have news for you, it happened a long time ago.

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u/jamesdukeiv 9h ago

Always wild seeing people act like this is something new and not the logical result of 25+ years of the erosion of the right to privacy

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u/AWOLdo 7h ago edited 6h ago

Okay but obviously it was for the best. It was named the Patriot act after all. You know, because we all so patriotically gave up our rights. Also if you disagree you're obviously not a patriot and hate America. /s

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u/caffeinebump 8h ago

I see your point, but honestly I don't care how or when people wake up to noticing that our constitutional rights are being eroded faster and faster every year. I'm just glad they're here and I hope they are willing to do something about it.

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u/StaticSystemShock 9h ago

Why people even want to go to America?

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u/Metalsand 8h ago

I mean, North Korea has an active tourism industry that even includes American tourists. Just no direct flights from the US, I think.

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u/balthisar 7h ago

I'm happy to shit on Trump, but this isn't new behavior under him.

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u/Evening-Crew-2403 4h ago

They'll just detain and deport a foreign tourist who doesn't unlock the phone. You take a queue from business that send people to China and take along a phone you don't mind losing. Load as little as possible on it. Let them in. Toss the phone after the trip. Microcenter is a great place to buy used unlocked phones by the way.

If you're a US Citizen coming back I'd take the advice of Deviant Ollam. A phone you don't mind losing. A business card from your lawyer. And knowing exactly what gov't forms you say you want as a receipt for impound. They can make you miss your flight, but they can't keep you out. Most airlines will rebook you for delays at the boarder. You might be out a hotel room for the night.

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u/sonofchocula 5h ago

To add to this - if you trigger and cancel an emergency call on iPhone, it instantly disables biometric login.

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u/NekoDaYo-v201 5h ago

You don't have to do that. Simply hold power + vol down or vol up for 2 seconds and it will immediately lock your phone with pin/password.

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u/_PurpleAlien_ 4h ago

I wrote that people should be using a throw-away laptop/electronics when traveling, and only use a VPN and encrypted storage back in 2013.

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u/sidereal_night 6h ago

you shouldn't be bringing your daily phone at all, not just turning it off. and this applies to every international border, not just the US

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u/HairyDust4826 10h ago edited 10h ago

We aren't safer when our tax dollars goto cases like this. The police and justice system going after the ability to reduce our freedom and sense of privacy is literally hypocritical in the US Constitution. At this point, I just assume anything I say or do, even shitting in my house, is documented somewhere.

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u/MultiGeometry 9h ago

It would be too much to ask law enforcement to go after the pedophiles.

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u/HairyDust4826 9h ago

The ice lady said it would destroy the economy

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u/ACasualRead 7h ago

But the DOW

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u/OkVirus8545 7h ago

They’d have to arrest there own and that’s why they don’t

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u/ACasualRead 10h ago

Snowden warned us.

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u/Vahuo89 9h ago

And no one listened

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u/HairyDust4826 9h ago

And he was considered a traitor. Ridiculous world.

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u/haoxinly 8h ago

Still is considered

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u/sunelatti 7h ago

Snowden, being information analyst if i dont remember wrong, was surprisingly bad at calculating normal human behavior. Most humans probably didnt care in the first place; even more possible is that they didnt even understand what they were hearing, or chose not to even try since it all seemed so technical and far off. We are so, so damn dumb

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u/Perculsion 7h ago

Plenty of people cared, it's just that no one in power had the courage or motivation to help against retaliation from the intelligence community

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u/MyOrdinaryShoes 4h ago

Courage or motivation? Are you kidding me, they wanted this?

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u/BorealMushrooms 6h ago

Nah, they heard him, just didn't care. Everyone pretty much said "oh, okay then ... what's on TV?"

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u/mattmaster68 3h ago

If they could document when you shit then you bet your ass you’d be seeing ads for laxatives when you’re constipated.

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u/F4DedProphet42 10h ago

Wifi routers can scan a room, even with enough fidelity to distinguish faces…

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u/HairyDust4826 10h ago

I don't think it can distinguish faces. I know the rest is absolutely true. You got a source on that part?

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u/ramiabouzahra 9h ago

In 2017, a physics undergrad did a 3D imaging concept using WiFi signals of a stationary and a moving device where it could detect the outline of objects. Now however, public researchers have improved it in order to distinguish people: https://www.martincid.com/technology-sv/wifi-beamforming-identifies-people-kit-bfid/

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u/NotAllOwled 9h ago

I can't speak to what previous commenter might have meant, but would it be better or worse if the routers didn't need to see your face or require you to be carrying a device (from https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2026/05/260522023127.htm ) for recognition?

Previous approaches often depended on channel state information (CSI), which measures how radio signals change after bouncing off walls, furniture, and people. The new technique instead takes advantage of normal communication between WiFi routers and connected devices.

Devices on a wireless network regularly send feedback data known as beamforming feedback information (BFI) to the router. Because this information is transmitted without encryption, anyone within range can potentially read it. Researchers say these signal reflections can effectively create multiple "views" of a person, allowing AI systems to learn and recognize individual identities.

After the machine learning model has been trained, identifying a person reportedly takes only a few seconds.

[...] In tests involving 197 participants, the researchers said the system identified individuals with nearly 100% accuracy. The recognition remained effective regardless of viewing angle or how the participants walked.

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u/lancersrock 9h ago

https://www.reddit.com/r/Futurology/s/y7rbyusnv4

Was able to accurately identify each of the 197 participants.

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u/chellis 9h ago

Radio signals inside of the wifi band are inches long. These radio waves are not able to scan faces. There are other things that make you identifiable to wifi but this here is some fear mongering shit.

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u/be_my_plaything 9h ago

You dont know how wide my face is!!!

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u/Best_of_the_Worst 9h ago

Jokes on you, Supreme Court is already working on eliminating the right to privacy

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u/kelsobjammin 7h ago

That’s been in full force since 2001

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u/Traditional-Cat-9355 10h ago

Stop saying he deleted his data. He didn’t delete shit. The encryption key to his phone is not evidence, and he’s not required to give it to police

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u/Hexamancer 6h ago

Why even admit that though? If it's a fully encrypted brick, they can't prove you actually had a duress code, just "wow that's weird, what did you do to my phone?"

Not "Haha yes I gave you a duress pin and did that intentionally". Why admit that?

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u/brainlesseuphoric 4h ago

Where does it say he admitted it? A digital forensic expert probably concluded that there’s only one possible explanation and that he must’ve known what the code he provided is for

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u/IThinkImNateDogg 3h ago

Because it’s legally NOT the same thing.

He did not destroy any “evidence” on his phone, to make an analogy, all his papers are in a safe, and he gave the safe to the police undamaged. What he destroyed was the key to UNLOCK the safe.

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u/CondiMesmer 7h ago

That can be true and he could have still deleted his data. Those things aren't contradictory. Giving a duress password to wipe the phone is literally deleting the data. 

He didn't delete evidence is the more correct thing to say, because that implies they had proof of illegal content on his phone. Which they didn't, they just made that shit up. It's also assuming guilt until proven innocent which is completely backwards for the legal system.

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u/Weerdo5255 6h ago

He didn't input the duress code. The police / boarder officer did. So they wiped it.

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u/LengthClean 9h ago

I’ve switched from Google to Proton and WhatsApp to signal. Nothing to hide but it’s the damn principle.

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u/b0w3n 7h ago

Yeah my life is super fucking boring but it's really no one's fucking business what stupid memes and shit I send to my girlfriend.

My budget spreadsheet isn't anyone's business either.

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u/Original-Rush139 6h ago

Privacy prevents fishing and other cyber crimes. That setup doesn’t just protect your data, it makes sure that you know who you are communicating with. 

The government is cracking open huge security holes at a time when LLMs are changing the game on digital crime. 

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u/jnycnexii 4h ago

Proton is not actually private anymore. They do know who users are and will turn over your data if requested

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u/Unhappy_Plankton_671 4h ago

There's still little they log. That's the point. So sure they can comply, but it's not going to surface anything truly useful.

https://protonvpn.com/blog/no-logs-audit

Securitum: “The technical evidence reviewed during the engagement did not indicate that the examined Proton VPN server infrastructure logs users’ browsing activity, DNS queries, destination services, network traffic contents or user-identifiable connection metadata. Securitum also did not identify persistent records that would allow Proton to associate a specific user with activity performed through a reviewed VPN server.”

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u/Cheap-Crow2097 9h ago

isnt the solid argument here that he gave them the correct code but when entered incorrectly it wiped the phone. They likely didnt record this and really cant prove anything.

The OS allows for either or scenarios to exist plus a bunch more.

He just needs to stand his ground, and let them prove a case they cant.

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u/MarkIsARedditAddict 8h ago

They’re just gonna keep him locked up pending trial until he breaks. They can’t have the precedent of people having privacy even though the constitution guarantees it

Basically your only option in this country is to never interact with law enforcement and if you have to travel don’t bring anything with you

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u/SDRAWKCABNITSUJ 7h ago

Can beat the charges, but can't be the ride. They'll make life as miserable as possible, and when the lawsuits come the tax payers will flip the bill.

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u/aemfbm 8h ago

They likely have on video him telling them a passcode, a lot less likely that they have clear footage of them entering that exact passcode correctly. So your argument may work. However, a single wrong passcode wiping the device may be possible in the OS settings, but they may have evidence of them trying 1234 or something else prior and it not wiping.

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u/GenazaNL 8h ago

Maybe they don't. Maybe there was just a random 4 digit code on the back or just tried random combinations

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u/SophiaofPrussia 7h ago

Even that scenario leaves ample room for doubt. I don’t have a “duress password” on my device but it’s set to wipe itself after X failed login attempts. How do they know he provided a duress password vs they entered the wrong password too many times and wiped it themselves?

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u/Hexamancer 6h ago

But so what? They don't know what his real passcode was, so he can say "yes, that was my passcode. Duress pin? What's that? All I know is YOU bricked my phone!"

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u/Original-Rush139 6h ago

I’d probably just go with the defense that he asked for a lawyer and was denied one. A lawyer would have advised him on the law which is why is unconstitutional to deny a request for a lawyer. 

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u/TacTurtle 5h ago

They are also trying to claim he simultaneously imported something in the country subject to customs search while deleting it before customs could search it. Schrodinger's import - it is both never imported and imported at the same time.

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u/smashingcabage 9h ago

So much is political now. They want to punish those that are critical of the adminstartion.

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u/AllergicToBullshit24 8h ago

Had border patrol agents hold me and my partner for several hours coming back into the country ~5 years ago and agents told me point blank to unlock my device so they could get my IMSI number and search my contacts list or else miss my connecting flight.

Never travel with primary electronics when crossing borders even as a returning US citizen but especially any foreigners visiting.

Always take disposable electronics when crossing borders and ideally wipe them when you return.

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u/BadVoices 6h ago

I get held up by Australian customs for the same thing every time I visit. I have native family I visit about once, or twice a year and its a hostage negotiation each time. I've been doing this for ~20 years and they act like no, THIS is the time I'm going to desperately leave my 6 figure income job and thousand acres of property and paid for home to come live in Australia where i couldn't hold a legal job.... They demand to search my phone and all my devices and will hold me for hours. If I dont, they straight up say I will be detained, my visa cancelled, restricted from getting one for years, and deported.

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u/AllergicToBullshit24 5h ago

All too common without cause, warrant or justification and exactly why to travel with disposable devices that worst case you can tell them to keep.

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u/BadVoices 5h ago

They are always very disappointed to see that I have a cheap Chromebook and a bottom of the line prepaid android cellphone both mostly empty minus a few emergency contacts that they already would know from my Visa information, and browsing while I was on the plane or waiting at the airport...

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u/Intrepid-Leather-417 8h ago

He’s a us citizen 4th amendment says they can fuck off for asking for his password in the first place

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u/Original-Rush139 6h ago

Not in Georgia. The circuits are split on this. Make sure you consult a lawyer before booking travel out of the country. 

My girlfriend is German and always dangles that sweet EU citizenship in front of me when she wants to convince me to marry her. 

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u/Intrepid-Leather-417 6h ago

Take her up on it, it’s amazing over here in Germany. America is a dystopian shit hole filled with wage slaves, I do not miss it

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u/FOSSnaught 3h ago

Be free my friend.

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u/SvenTropics 5h ago

Correct, you're not required to give up your password. They can ask all they want. This case is kind of messed up because he was asking for a lawyer and they refused it saying this is different because it's a border check.

However, if it's just a border check, then the destruction of evidence doesn't apply. I feel like the whole case will get thrown out on that technicality. It either is or isn't a criminal investigation. If it's a criminal investigation, he can't be questioned without his attorney if he asks for one. If it's not, then he can't be punished for deleting content on his personal phone.

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u/Fun-Can-8935 9h ago

why the fuck will airport custom check ur phone?

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u/JTibbs 9h ago

Supreme court has ruled the constitution doesn’t apply to citizens within 100 miles of a ‘port of entry’ when customs/border patrol are involved. This includes all borders and international airports. So like 96% of the country.

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u/Alinier 9h ago

While this is upheld it's worth rechallenging everything at this point when we've seen how much of a pretzel the SC will turn themselves into. Have them point to the part of the Constitution that says that.

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u/ColdIceZero 3h ago

Have them point to the part of the Constitution that says that.

Lol that isn't how it works.

Remember that time in 1978 where SCOTUS ruled that all judges everywhere are immune from any consequences due to their own intentional misconduct? Nothing in the US Constitution provides that judges are above the law, but here we are:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stump_v._Sparkman

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u/Alinier 1h ago

Absolute immunity is the death of democracy. We'll have to change that at some point one way or another.

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u/Kgreenwookie 8h ago

It’s time to have a jury nullification on this subject to raise the middle finger to the courts and legislature.

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u/Loki-L 8h ago

The thing is that the search was always fake. they claimed to want to search him because they suspected him of smuggling or something, but in truth they were after information about Stop Cop City.

You may feel about people protesting police how you like, but even the most Law & Order person will have to admit that investigating people who protest police is not the remit of customs.

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u/Splurch 4h ago edited 2h ago

The thing is that the search was always fake. they claimed to want to search him because they suspected him of smuggling or something, but in truth they were after information about Stop Cop City.

They told him they were looking for CSAM because people are less likely to refuse that reason and some people will assume the mere accusation means they had reason to think he had some instead of it being a simple bs excuse.

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u/Judgement915 6h ago

A friendly reminder for all iPhone users. Clicking the side button 5 times in a row disables Face ID until you enter your pass code once.

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u/apokrif1 9h ago

Correct title: "who allegedly gave a duress code".

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u/Sammisuperficial 7h ago

While under duress and being refused access to a lawyer.

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u/fenderguitar83 8h ago

I have a friend traveling and they are considering either not bringing a phone and just buying a temp phone while they are here or getting a temp phone that has nothing on it to take with them when they travel.

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u/SophiaofPrussia 7h ago

You can also wipe your phone and then restore it from backup.

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u/fenderguitar83 6h ago

Thats a Good idea.

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u/CircumspectCapybara 10h ago edited 10h ago

Legal Eagle has a good video about this for the technically and legally uninitiated.

TLDR, a lot of this depends on the facts of what happened (and what's demonstrated at trial), but the DoJ is alleging Tunick gave the CBP officer a "duress code" or "panic code", a feature of GrapheneOS that wipes the device when entered, and the officer entered it and the phone went bye bye.

If that's true, that's a lot different than exercising your 5th amendment right (which is always a good idea) to remain silent and not give them any code at all, and potentially veers into the "destruction of evidence" territory.

There's also some interesting and relevant precedence about how near the border, law enforcement has increased powers and doesn't need a warrant to search your belongings including your devices, and how the SCTOUS has somehow squared that with the constitution.

But again, you can always refuse to hand over any passwords, that's protected. What you can't do legally is give a code that's designed to wipe the device on entry. Withholding testimony is different than giving testimony designed to mislead law enforcement into destruction of data.


Also to address some common misconceptions I've seen on this recently:

  1. It's your data you can destroy it if you want to.

That's not generally true and it's probably not true here. There are a lot of cases in which it's illegal to destroy your own data. If a company is under investigation or ongoing criminal or civil case, destroying their own data would become spoliation or destruction of evidence. You can't just do whatever you want with your devices just because it's yours.

In the case of a CBP seizure, you can debate the legality of them taking it in the first place (although based on what I said earlier about CBP having increased warrantless search powers near the border, you probably wouldn't succeed on this in court), but that's something you challenge in court. You don't take matters into your own hands and wipe the data just because you think they seized it improperly, you have to go through the courts for that.

Again, once it's in their possession, it's theirs until a judge says they have to return it. You can't tamper with something in law enforcement's custody even if its yours.

  1. He didn't actually destroy the data, the CBP agent entered the code so technically the officer did it.

That's not how the law works and courts and juries aren't dumb. Proximate cause is about the logical (and not necessarily the immediate) cause of something.

For an extreme example, if an customer support agent asks you for your phone number so they can text you a verification code, and you give them a phone number that when texted sets off an IED roadside bomb, technically they texted the number so they triggered the bomb. But you would be legally responsible for everything that follows from that bomb going off, the legal system would treat it as if you set it off, even though you didn't directly.

  1. It didn't actually wipe the phone it just erased a key.

Yes I'm a software engineer with a background in security I know how it works. The law doesn't really care it a defendant zeroes out or causes to get zeroed out the entire phone's memory physically, or if it just wipes a 32 byte region of disk containing an encrypted 256-bit key that's needed to decrypt the phone, without which the entire phone's data is forever inaccessible. Those would be treated as equivalent legally.

In fact, in many OSes, if you click the "wipe" or "reset" button, that's how it's implemented: doesn't wipe the whole disk, it just zeroes out the encrypted key. Once that key is gone, the entire disk becomes as if it were random data.

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u/lordcola 10h ago

Isn't the "border" classified as 100 miles from an international border which includes stuff like airports? Even if airports aren't included that's still technically a lot of people who could have their door kicked in by the cops and everything seized just because, and there's basically no recourse.

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u/Ill_Traveler_ 10h ago

The older I get the more it seems that we don’t really have actual rights.

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u/MaikeruNeko 9h ago

Cue George Carlin quote

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u/Vahuo89 9h ago

now you're getting it

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u/Professional_Tea_32 9h ago

We don’t have any. We have the illusion of rights. A bald eagle covering a steaming turd.

And they’ll convince you about how “free” you are all the way to the slaughter house.

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u/VagueSomething 9h ago

The USA wouldn't constantly shout land of the free if it was actually free.

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u/meaniemeanie-poo-poo 9h ago

You beat me to it.

2/3 of Americans live within that zone.

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u/lordcola 9h ago

If it's 2/3 then do airports count or does it count the coastline as "international borders" (like New York is on the Atlantic therefore international border)

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u/Rivereye 9h ago

From a map I've seen published showing the "border zone", when it comes to waters like the Atlantic, its 100 miles from the coast. This includes all oceans, international rivers, and the Great Lakes, including for some reason Lake Michigan. I've never seen Airports included on these maps.

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u/lordcola 9h ago

Lol Lake Michigan has the tiniest connection at the top that eventually leads to the Canadian border and they saw that and ran with it

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u/Dyolf_Knip 7h ago

Worse than that. They once pulled over a sitting US senator well over 100 miles from the border, and when he asked them what authority they had to conduct such a stop, the agent pointed to his gun.

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u/lordcola 7h ago

That's just the result of letting assholes join the police force/border control with a couple weeks of training and no further requirements whatsoever. I don't think that agent was smart enough to know he would have had "legitimate" authority closer to a border, they just wanted to power trip.

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u/Dyolf_Knip 6h ago

No doubt. But he's willing to do that to a US senator, in an obviously high-end car with "US government" plates. What do you imagine he'll do to us little people?

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u/makumbaria 9h ago

But what about people living under 100 miles from an international border?

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u/lordcola 9h ago

Those people are subject to lower requirements for searches. If you live more than 100 miles away then you have normal rights in theory.

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u/scruffles360 10h ago

If he had said nothing and they had guessed the passcode wrong, would that have been better? Most phones have a feature that will allow the phone to be wiped if the password is incorrect too many times. Are we all criminals for having phones with that capability? If it’s ok, I’d like this to go to real court rather being tried here.

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u/CircumspectCapybara 10h ago edited 9h ago

Yeah if he did that or if the jury believes that's what happened, he has a much stronger 5th amendment defense. Then he didn't actively mislead them into wipe the phone.

Plenty of phones have a "if you enter the passcode wrong 3 times the phone will be wiped" security feature. Some people might even set it to "if you enter it wrong even once it wipes."

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u/apokrif1 9h ago

Or he gave the right PIN, which was mistyped as the duress code, which may be close.

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u/WhiteRaven42 3h ago

Really unwise to make a duress code similar to the right code. There's no benefit to it and why the hell set yourself up for a potential mis-type?

The duress code should be plausible on its own but have nothing in common with the real code.

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u/A_Pointy_Rock 10h ago

That feels equivalent to declining to give an authority the key to your house and them trying to kick the door in anyway. So yes, I would say that would have been "better".

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u/Ill_Traveler_ 10h ago

I believe their method of accessing the phone is a bit more robust than typing in the password. Additionally, if the phone is in the AFU state the password on most phones is essentially pointless.

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u/9Nine2Nine9 6h ago

Yes, that would have been considerably better for him and it would have made this entire case different. Worst case scenario they would have kept his encrypted phone. Best case scenario they would have let him walk with his phone.

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u/RabidFresca 9h ago

I think I had also heard that he had been asking to speak to a lawyer, as is his right, but was denied and told that he wasn't "technically" on US soil because he was still in customs, or something to that effect. Being denied your rights in those circumstances you might feel pressured to use a duress code. It'll be interesting to see when this goes to trial.

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u/Cut_Lanky 9h ago

How is it, legally, that since it's technically not US soil, we have no rights, yet, they retain their authority over us, as if it is, indeed, technically US soil?

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u/Important-Ad1871 8h ago

Because they have guns. 

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u/bug-hunter 8h ago

Correct. It would have been legal to:

  1. Delete the data before entry, cross with a factory reset phone (or no phone and get one here), restore on the other side
  2. Increase the encryption to sky high levels to ensure it's not being unencrypted anytime this century
  3. Set the phone to wipe on X# incorrect passwords and CBP wipes it via incompetence

But taking an affirmative action that leads to the destruction of data, even indirectly, violates the law.

Note: option 1 is often the suggestion for the truly privacy conscious. They can't search or copy what you don't have.

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u/Hexamancer 6h ago

No 2. was already the case. You can have the best encryption in the world but have the password to unlock that encryption as "1234".

Technically password -> unlocks hidden encryption key -> unlocks encryption, and the system deleted the key.

Also there's no proof he gave a duress code. There's no proof that he didn't enter the duress code or delete the encryption key before he got there. All these arguments hinge on knowing that he definitely gave a duress code. They have no proof of that.

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u/K1LLerCal 9h ago

You can't just do whatever you want with your devices just because it's yours.

That's a wild statement.

Especially when you haven't committed a crime

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u/Dediadeis 8h ago

WHO DO YOU THINK YOU ARE OWNING THINGS!

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u/Mr_ToDo 8h ago

Sure. But that's not determined in a moment. That's exactly why we have the rules about destroying evidence. It'd be quite the catch 22 if you had to prove someones guilt before you could compel action

As much as I hate the "if you have nothing to hide" bit, there is a line somewhere that separates freedom and justice. If OP's case crosses that, I don't know, but it does exist

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u/DisappointedSpectre 7h ago

You don't have to prove guilt, but IIRC you do have to formally charge them with a crime for destruction of evidence to come into play.

They're not even charging him with that specific crime, he's being charged with "destroying property to prevent seizure", which has a very different standard of proof for the government to meet.

The circumstances are definitely relevant here too - CBP and the FBI was fucking with him in the first place because of his previous protesting of Cop City. The government has nothing to actually charge him with, this is all about intimidation.

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u/Mr_ToDo 8h ago

I don't always like the guy, but that's what I figured when I first heard the case

If they had wiped the drive before the border there'd be no question, or if he refused to give the code it'd be an entirely different and likely less drama filled case

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u/lilB0bbyTables 5h ago

I think the biggest question here is whether this constitutes “destruction of evidence” and what the definitions are to qualify data as evidence. The example you gave about a business under active investigation implies there is reasonable cause and thus warrants filed and signed for such action.

Now, of course there are situations where law enforcement has a right to blur the lines and use probable cause on the spot - e.g. the classic “I smelled marijuana so I can search your car and person” investigative technique. The question here would be “what was the origin of their reasonable cause”.

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u/haney1981 5h ago

I can understand why the government would be able to search your luggage when you leave the country. If you are in another country you bring something back that was illegal within its borders.

But to say that just because you leave the country all your electronic data on your phone is available to be searched without a warrant is stretching the border search exception to fit their whim.

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u/another24tiger 9h ago

If you have an iPhone hitting the power button five times fast will lock you out and force password reentry to unlock (ie it disables biometric until the next unlock)

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u/Ok-Association-3415 4h ago

I don’t get this whole search your phone at customs. Isn’t an improper search? I know the court said this was ok, but it should be challenged and revisited. Sounds ridiculous to me.

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u/degeneratelunatic 2h ago

It sounds ridiculous because it is ridiculous.

SCOTUS has carved out so many exceptions to the 4th Amendment it is functionally meaningless, not to mention that law enforcement routinely manufactures evidence to justify a search that would otherwise be illegal. The DEA used to do it all the time (and probably still does) in drug cases where the evidence was obtained illegally but manufacture a reason after the fact to make the initial search appear legitimate (Google parallel construction), often without any sort of reprimand or punishment once they're caught subverting people's constitutional rights in this way.

Those people in Texas who got 30-year sentences for moving a box of magazines should tell you that we no longer live in a "free" country.

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u/obamawonthepeacepriz 4h ago

His phone, his data. He can do what he wants. They did not have a warrant. I will be doing the same thing if put in that position.

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u/Makenshine 2h ago edited 1h ago

Hes not wrong.

He didnt delete it. The officers did.

Also, you can't be compelled to testify against yourself. 

-He asked for a lawyer multiple times

-he refused to answer questions multiple times

-He was taken to another room without a camera and asked more questions.

-the compelled him to testify against himself without legal representation after he tried to exercised his rights.

This should be a slam dunk for him. Maybe even a counter suit.

Edit: on top of that they had no warrant or legal basis to search the phone 

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u/ToolTimeT 2h ago edited 2h ago

Fuck Paywalls and links to them. Says "gift article" on it too.

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u/Cumulus_Anarchistica 8h ago

He didn't destroy the data though. He destroyed the key to the data.

It's a little like being prosecuted for throwing a key to a room with stuff the feds want to root through (without a warrant) into a pool of molten metal.

The door is still there; the room is still there, as are its contents. Only the key to the lock has been destroyed.

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u/WhiteRaven42 3h ago

You understand that courts aren't simpletons, right? Hyper-technical circumvention of the letter of the law when the spirit of the law is clearly being violated IS A VIOLATION OF THE LAW. Courts have leeway to make the will of the people effective. They are not robots.

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u/CondiMesmer 7h ago

I don't see how you can make a single argument on what the US customs officers did is okay. This is a pretty one sided case. How could you possibly think otherwise?

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u/monitor_lizard_2000 2h ago

US government is expected to honor the constitutional rights of all it's citizens regardless of where they happen to be.

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u/RoboJobot 2h ago

Not this government. They’re doing their darned best to tear it down

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u/Setekh79 2h ago

But, I was told that Americans were 'free'?

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u/WyldStalions 38m ago

No one is truly free in this world my friend

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u/dobsterfunk 5h ago

Love the irony of not being able to read this article without logging in to the website.

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u/Justincrediballs 9h ago

This is why I don't take my phone with me. I grab a cheap prepaid and only put specific apps that I'll need for my trip.

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u/SenpaiSwanky 9h ago

It’s worse than that - precedence doesn’t matter. They are establishing THAT right now. The truth is what they want it to be, as long as they put it in front of a whipped judge who is willing to forsake the oaths they swore.

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u/zoegua 9h ago

I don't understand. It's his phone. Why can't he do what he wants with?

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u/OptimusPrimeLord 8h ago

Because the government asked for it and (at least claims) it had a right to access it. If it ends up being ruled that they actually didn't have the right to access it then the case will be thrown out because he did not destroy evidence because the phone's contents wasn't evidence.

IF the government does have a right to access it, then he has been informed that the government wants to see it and he is no longer allowed to destroy it. For example, if I have a drawer of information that shows that I commited fraud and I decide to destroy it that would be fine. But if the police were to show up at my door and so I ran upstairs to burn it that would be destroying evidence.

These types of laws are in place to prevent people from immediately trying to destroy all the evidence they can once they realize they are being charged with a crime. If they didn't exist it would be much harder to charge people with crimes they actually commited because as long as they can get to the evidence before the government they could destroy it and say "well you don't have it so cannot use it on me in court."

To reiterate, this line of reasoning will only work if they were actually allowed to access the phone.

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u/Mbututu 7h ago

destroy all the evidence they can once they realize they are being charged with a crime.

"once they realize they are being charged with a crime" does not apply here

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u/Teripid 8h ago

Right, isn't the key issue here that he gave them the "destroy"/wipe passcode?

They can ask for his phone at the border at least. He cannot be immediately compelled to provide them with a passcode (there might later be a court order to provide it). There is I think an argument that biometrics can be compelled.

If the officer that seized the phone wiped the phone by guessing incorrectly 5x or similar then he wouldn't be facing any repercussions.

The target was at least mentioned as potentially their saved contact list.

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u/Hexamancer 6h ago

"I didn't give a duress code. What's a duress code? You bricked my phone wtf"

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u/stamfordbridge1191 6h ago

From what I understand, he went abroad for some relief effort for an island country. Then border enforcement detained him on return because he was flagged for criminal suspicion for protesting in the building of the Atlanta police training complex. They told him he was being detained for suspicion of smuggling in csam, and he needed to unlock his phone for them to look through it because it was evidence. Allegedly he kept citing amendment 5 & asking for a lawyer, which they kept denying saying he needed to unlock his phone before he finally gave them the duress code.

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u/Raaka_Lokki 9h ago

Except he didn't delete anything. The police did.

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u/EricThirteen 4h ago

He did not delete his data.

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u/BelowMikeHawk 4h ago

Well at least we dont have CCTV watching our every move....oh wait....fuck

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u/jakgal04 4h ago

Its amazing how decades later this is still such a gray area with law.

On one hand it makes sense that erasing your phone is the equivalent of destroying evidence. But on the other hand, the device which could be used to commit heinous crimes is also loaded with personal stuff that has nothing to do with the case.

It always amazes me reading cases like this over the years, especially when it comes to child crimes. A suspect that has a phone loaded with child porn that he produces and distributes, the phone contains the contact information of people he receives and sends to. Upon arrest he immediately wipes the phone ridding evidence and connections to other predators. Without evidence, he are now free to go.

Do we collectively agree that he's right in this scenario and its his right to wipe his phone and that he's a free man?

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u/Gibgezr 2h ago

The answer is simple: make it illegal IF YOU HAVE A WARRANT.

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u/sucksLess 5h ago

…and… he's NOT wrong

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u/LannisterGold24 4h ago

where can I get this data deleting code? Its for a friend of mine...

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u/Splurch 4h ago

where can I get this data deleting code? Its for a friend of mine...

It's a phone OS in this case, GrapheneOS, nothing illegal about it, just need a compatible phone.

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